Monday, 17 November 2014

Equity and Edward III: An example

Copied below is a letter patent of Edward III which provides an interesting example of the justice inherent in the person of the king in practice, in an important land settlement between two very important men, John Warenne, earl of Surrey, and Richard Fitz Alan, earl of Arundel. After Edward III had granted that Warenne could enfeoff the king of all his lands, the earl of Arundel managed to appeal to ‘the court of his [Edward III’s] conscience’ and have this decision reversed, thus securing himself a large chunk of Warenne’s estates on the latter’s death. Edward’s use of ‘the court of his conscience’ in this case is a striking example of the potential of the king to apply equitable jurisdiction in accordance with the principles of natural law - known to him through his divine right to rule -  in a complicated legal dispute, the moral aspect of which the common law was inadequate to hear. This case provides a succinct reminder of the role of the king as the personal fount of justice, as well as emphasising the informal nature of early equity.



November 20 1346

Whereas of late it was agreed upon between the king and John de Warenne, earl of Surrey, that the earl should enfeoff him in perpetuity of all his lands in the county of Sussex, Wales and elsewhere, which the king was given to understand could be done without prejudice to any one, it was afterwards asserted by Richard, earl of Arundel, who came to the king when he was on his passage, near the Isle of Wight, that such feoffment would be to his disherison because that in the event of the death of the earl of Surrey without heir of his body, the lands are known to pertain to him, and the king, at his prayer, commanded John de Offord, king's clerk, dean of Lincoln, the chancellor, by writ of privy seal, and afterwards by word of mouth by William de Clinton, earl of Huntingdon, to cause execution of the feoffment to be stayed until further order; now on revolving the matter in the court of his conscience it seems that he ought not to receive such feoffment and in consideration of the service of the petitioner in the war of France, he has granted that the same shall not be carried into execution. By K.

CPR 1345-1348, p. 480. (My italics)




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